Combination oven



Dec. 22, 1931. BE KER 1,837,314

COMBINATION OVEN Filed April 4, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet I l Ke ATTORNEYS Dec. 22, 1931; J. BECKER COMBINATION OVEN Filed April 4. 1927 v 5 Sheets- Sheet 2 ,L w r v w m J .2 W 4 7 nn u 4 z n Pm H m m K H 4 L w/M a H u J Z 0 Ks u 2 AM G H a g m Rkfimxh g w G INVENTOR W M BY W ATTORNEYS Dec. 22, 1931. EK 1,837,314

COMBINATION OVEN Filed April 4 192'? s Sheets-Sheet s RH Q L L d R 5s a a "ii-"d 07' INVENTOR" {la ATTORNEYS J. BECKER COMBINATION OVEN Filed April 4. 1927 Dec. 22, 1931.

Dec. 22, 1931. Q BECKER 1,837,314

COMBINATION OVEN Filed April 4. 192 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 r 7%"? INVENTOR W B Q L I wlb wu m' @AQ ATTORN EYS Patented Dec. 22, 1931 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOSEPH BECKER, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA,

ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPPERS COMBINATION OVEN Application filed April 4,

My invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the heat treating art in which combustible gases are supplied to a heating Wall, and in its more specific aspects,

'5 relates to improvements in coke ovens, or the like, of the so-called combination type illustrated, for instance, in the patent to Koppers1,026,169, granted May 14, 1912, or my former Patent 1,374,546, granted April 12,

More particularly my invention relates to certain modifications of the combination oven disclosed in my copending application Serial Number 51,120, filed August 19, 1925, Patent 1,623,460 of April 5, 1927, of which the present application is a continuation in part.

In the operation of ,by-product coke ovens it is a common practice to employ the distillation gases from the coke oven for heating the oven walls. However, this gas has a high B. t. u. value and is in great commercial demand for other purposes, and since, as is well known, available blast furnace gas, producer gas, blue gas, or carbureted water gas can be used as a substitute for coke oven gas in the heating of the ovens, it is frequently desirable to employ one of the latter to conserve the more valuable coke oven gas.

Blast furnace and producer gas have a heating value from 100 to 135 B. t. u.s and blue gas of about 290 B. t. u.s, While coke oven gas has a heating value of 550 B. t. u.s, and upwards. Producer and blast furnace gas have a large content of inerts and therefore when employed to heat the oven walls must be pre-heated. On the other hand coke oven and blue gas contain practically no inerts and are therefore not pre-heated when used to heat the Walls. It has-been .a practice to pro-heat the producer or blast fur- -nace gas, as the case may be, by passing it through regenerators and thence to the heating walls through fiues separate from those designed to convey the gases of higher B. t. u. value which are not pre-heated. The latter are led directly from the main usually horizontally through the tops of the pillar walls and longitudinally thereof, and prior to my invention it has been the practice to employ the same distributing flues or channels for 1927. Serial No. 180,651.

blue gas and for coke oven gas respectively. However, the dilference in the B. t. u. values of these two gases necessitates feeding through the same flue or channel twice the quantity when blue gas is used that is fed through when coke oven gas is used in order to obtain the same heating effect. Therefore, if a flue or channel designed only for coke oven gas is employed it is necessary when blue gas is used to double the gas velocity and the resultant friction losses are entirely different from those when coke oven gas is employed. Furthermore, the discharge openings or nozzles leading into the vertical flues if properlydesigned for coke oven gas operation cannotbe of correct design for blue gas operation, the net result being the creation of higher pressures in the gas distributing channels in the latter case and unequal discharge into the vertical fines of the heating wall. This will result in uneven coking. If two sets of removable nozzles are employed, one designed say for coke oven gas and the other for water gas, it becomes necessary when passing from operation on one kind of gas to the other to change the nozzles which is a very tedious and'costly undertaking, rendered-still more so by the fact that the nozzles become burnt in, making them difficult to remove and liable to damage during removal.

To overcome these disadvantages I provide two or more channels for conveying the several unpreheated combustible gases electively to each heating wall, each channel being provided with its own setting of discharge nozzles. -My invention further contemplates making the several channels of the same size and shape and so designing the bricks that they may be interchangeable and reversible, thus greatly simplifying the manufacturing and laying of the bricks containing saidchannels and reducing costs.

In one form of my invention embodying these features I provide separate channels for the richer and leaner gases, respectively, and advantageously make each channel of the'larger cross-sectional area required for the leaner gas. I then provide one of the channels with nozzles designed to pass the proper quantities of the leaner gas, e. g. water gas, when it alone is employed-and the other channel with nozzles designed to pass the proper quantities of the richer gas, e. g. coke oven gas, when it alone is employed.

In another form of my invention of general application but of particular utility for the interchangeable use of two gases of which the B. t. u. value of one is approximately double that of the other, e. g. coke oven gas and water gas, I may advantageously make each channel of the same cross-sectional area and preferably that required for alone conveying the proper quantity of the richer gas, e. g. the coke oven ga thereby reducing the size of the channels, and provide each channel with nozzles designed for the proper passing of the richer gas. WVhen the latter gas is used only one of the channels is employed, while when the leaner gas, e. g. water gas, is used both channels are employed, giving double capacity of channels and nozzles. It is obvious that for other unpreheated gases having a materially different ratio of B. an. values the capacities of the two channels might be changed if necessary to enable them to convey at all times the required quantity of the particular gas being employed, one of the channels being provided with nozzles for passing the proper quantities of the richer gas when used alone while the other is provided with nozzles which in conjunction with those of the first channel are adapted to pass the proper quantities of the leaner gas; or again, the original channels and nozzles might be left intact and a third or supplemental channel and nozzles employed in conjunction with the other two for the leaner gas.

While the foregoing cases assume separate operation on the richer gas alone or on the leaner gas alone, my constructions are also susceptible of simultaneous operation in regulated quantities of both gases for the purpose either of heat regulation and distribution or of economy.

In addition to the general features and objects of the invention above recited, the invention has such other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification and showing for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section taken longitudinally of the battyry in part on the line 22 and in part bn the line 22 of Fig. 1, showing several of the oven chambers and the heating walls therefor together with the several gas distributing flues for supplying said heating walls in accordance with the first form of my invention,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged detail sectional View in the same plane as Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical section corresponding to Fig. 2 but showing a second form of my invention,

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged detail sectional view in the same plane as Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section on the line 77 of Fig. 5, and

Fig. 8 is a detail view, partly in section, showing a control valve for the respective gas ippplied to one of the flued heating walls of The same characters of reference indicate the same parts in each of the several figures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings there are illustrated a plurality of cross-wise elongated heating walls 11 and a plurality of crosswise elongated coking chambers 12 supported by pillar walls 13 which extend cross-wise of the battery beneath the respective heating walls 11. These pillar walls together with the other walls form the main support for the entire super-structure of the oven battery and are themselves supported upon a flat pad or platform 14. The heating walls 11 are each provided with a plurality of combustion flues 17 connected in the usual manner by ducts 23 to the regenerators 18 which are located between the pillar walls 13 and the intermediate supporting walls 22. Each flame flue 17 of each heating wall has at its top a port opening 24 leading into a horizontal bus flue 25 formed in the heating wall, there being illustrated two sets of such flues and connections in each heating wall, one on each side of the median line L. Each of these bus flues is shown connected to a corresponding bus flue in the wall on the opposite side of the oven chamber by means of a plurality of passageways 26. This construction is characteristic of the Becker type of oven but it is obvious that my invention is equally applicable to other types of oven, such, for instance, as the well known Koppers type.

As shown herein, the regenerators H and G, respectively, on opposite sides of a pillar wall 13 constitute a pair connected by ducts 23 to flues 17 of the corresponding heating wall 11 and when operating on producer gas a regeneratonof one of these pairs pre-heats and delivers the gas to said flues while its mate delivers pre-heated air thereto, combustion taking place within the flues and the products of combustion passing from the top of the flues through the cross-over ducts 26, down the flues 17 in the heating wall 11 on the opposite side of the oven and from thence by way of the ducts 23 through the next adjacent pair of regenerators H, G, which at this stage serve as waste heat regenerators. Upon reversal of the battery the latter pair of regenerators serve to pre-heat the air and gas respectively while the former pair serve as waste heat regenerators, all as set forth more at length in my former Patent No. 1,374,546, supra, or in my pending application Ser. No. 705,556, filed April 10, 1924.

As shown in Fig. 1, extending cross-wise of the battery in each pillar wall 13 and located beneath the heating wall 11 is a pair of gas supply channels 29 and 30. These channels are for the purpose of supplying coke oven as to the several flame flues on each side 0 the central line L and to accomplish this end the channel 29 communicates with individual flues 17 on the right hand side of said line'L by means of ducts 31 that lead from the channel 29' individually into the bottoms of individual flues and the channel 30 which supplies the several flues that are located on the left side of said line L communicates therewith by means of similar connecting ducts 31. Between the several ducts 31 and the channels 29 and 30 respectively are disposed the usual nozzles 32, properly designed for the most efiicient operation with coke oven gas from the mains 35, 36 located respectively on opposite sides of the battery and extending longitudinally therealong. Suitable means is provided for admitting or cuttingofl the supply of the coke oven gas with respect tothe pairs of supply channels 29, 30, it being understood that the gas'supply may be either concurrently maintained or concurrently shut off from both channels of each pair.

Also extending cross-Wise of the battery in each pillar wall'13 and located beneath the heating Wall 11, parallel and in close proximw ity to the channels 29, 30, are a pair of supply channels 39 and 4:0 for lean gas containing substantially no inerts, such as blue gas. These channels supply such gas to the several flame flues on each side of the central line L 1n the same manner as in the case of the coke oven gas channels 29, 30, and to accomplish this end the channels 39 and 40 communicate with the individual flues 17 on the respective sides-of the line L by means of ducts 31' and between said ducts and the channels 39, 40

are disposed nozzles 42, which are speciallydesigned for the eflicient feeding of lean gas without inerts, such as blue gas. This gas is supplied to the respective channels 39 and 40 from the mains 45, 46, respectively located on the opposite sides of the battery and extending longitudinally therealong parallel and preferably in close proximity to the similar coke oven mains 35, 36. Suitable means is provided for admitting or cutting oil the supply of gas with respect to each pairof channels 39, 40, it being understood that the gas supply may be either concurrently maintained or concurrently shut off from. both channels of each pair.

All of the channels 29, 30, 39 and 40 are preferably made of the same diameter, that diameter being so chosen as to enable a single channel to deliver to the flues of the corresponding portion of its heating wall the quantity of the leaner gas necessary to heat said wall portion. However, the nozzles 32 with which the channels 29 and 30 are equipped are made of such size as to supply to the corresponding wall portion only that quantity of the richer gas required to adequately heat it, while the nozzles 42 with which the channels 39 and40 are equipped are made of such size as to supply to the corresponding wall portion that quantity of the leaner gas required to adequately heat it. Since all of the channels are of the same size it is possible to manufacture the bricks containing them of a single standard and therefore interchangeable. Moreover, if the channel is properly centered in the brick the brick also becomes reversible. The processes of manufacture and laying of the bricks therefore become much simplified and costs correspondingly reduced;

Ordinarily, when operating on lea-n gas containing inerts, the coke oven gas supply as well as the supply of lean gas containing no inerts is cut off; when operating on coke oven gas both the supply of lean gas containing inerts and the supply of lean gas not containing inerts are cut off, and when operating on lean gas containing no inerts the supply of gas containing inerts as well as the supply of coke oven gas is cut off. However, it is obvious that when desirable the control devices for these supplies may be set to supply to the heating wall any desired mixture of these gases. Furthermore, if desirable for purposes of economy, better heat distribution, or otherwise, one channel of a pair of cokeoi en channels 29, 30 may supply coke oven gas on one side of the battery while one channel of a pair of water gas channels 39, 40,

on the opposite side of the battery may supply water gas.

It is, of course, obvious that in accordance with my invention I may, if desirable, employ additional sets of channels and nozzles specially designed for the efficient delivery of gas of other character than those hereinabove specified. I

In operating the battery with coke oven gas in the ordinary manner, or with lean gas containing substantially no inerts, such as blue gas, the supply of producer gas to the gas regeneratorsH is shut off and air may be permitted to flow into such regenerators in place of the producer gas, as more fully set forth in my prior Patent- 1,374,546, supra,

or in my pending application Ser. No. 705,- 556, filed April 10, 1924:.

Of course suitable gas cocks and reversing connections of the usual type are provided so that the gases may be used separately or simultaneously.

Referring to the form of my invention illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, there are shown in each heating wall gas supply channels 30, 40, of the same diameter, provided with nozzles 32 and 42' also of the same diameter, the respective diameters being so chosen that a single channel and its nozzles are capable of delivering to the flues of the corresponding portion of its heating wall the proper quantity of a richer gas-e. g., coke oven gasnecessary to heat it, while both channels and nozzles are capable conjointly of delivering to the flues of the corresponding portion of its heating wall the proper quantity of a leaner gas of approximately onehalf the Rt. u. value of the former gas-e. g. water gast0 heat said wall portion. A suitable valve is provided to determine the flow to one or to both of the channels 30 and 40.

If it be desired to employ as the leaner gas one of substantially more than half the B. t. u. value of the richer gas the nozzles 42, say, may conveniently be of a smaller size so chosen that the combined flow through them and the nozzles 32 is that desired. If an unpreheated leaner gas of substantially less than half the B. t. 11. value of the richer gas is employed, both of the channels 30' and 40 are conveniently equally enlarged, to keep them of equal diameter, the diameter of the nozzles 32 being maintained as before to enable these nozzles to pass the proper quantity of the richer gas, while the nozzles 42 are sufficiently enlarged to permit them to pass in conjunction with the nozzles 32 the proper quantity of the leaner gas, the increased size of the channel 40 being such as to enable it to carry the additional quantity of gas employed. In this case it would obviously be unnecessary to increase the size of the channel 30 but, as hereinbefgre pointed out, for constructional reasons it is advantageous to maintain the channels 30' and 40 of the same diameter. In lieu of increasing the capacity of the channels 30 and 40 and nozzles 42 I may employ an additional channel preferably of the same diameter as the others and with an appropriate novel setting which in conjunction with the other channels and nozzles will transmit the proper quantity of the leaner gas.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in a particular form of construction but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers alternating with flued heating walls therefor; one of said heating walls being provided with a series of vertical combustion flues arranged side-by-side in a row therein; two feed channels located in the base of the heating wall and extending longitudinally beneath the series of flues therein and each communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for separately conveying two combustible gases having difi'erent heats of combustion electively to the said flues at substantially the same velocity; each of the feed channels being of substantially the same size and shape and being of the cross-sectional area proportionate to convey all of the gas to be employed in largest volume per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating effect in the vertical flues; passageways cooperating with one of said channels and proportioned for feeding therefrom to the respective flues the proportionate quantity of the gas employed in larger volume, and other passageways cooperating with the other of said channels and limited to the size required for feeding from the channel to the respective flues the proportionate quantity of the other gas employed in smaller volume.

2. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers alternating with fl ued heating walls therefor; one of said heat ng walls being provided with a series of vertical combustion flues arranged side-by-side in a row therein; a plurality of feed channels located in the base of the heating wall and extending longitudinally beneath the series of flues therein and all communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for conveying combustible gases having different heats of combustion electively to the said flues at substantially the same velocity; each of the feed channels being of substantially the same size and shape and being of the cross-sectional area proportionate to convey all of the gas, of one of said gases, per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating effect thereby 111 said vertical flues; passageways cooperating with the respective channels to limit the volume of flow from the respective channels to the flues; and regenerators communicatm g with said flues independently of said channels.

3. In a coking retort oven, in combination coking chambers alternating with flucd heating walls therefor: one of said heating walls being provided with a series of vertical flues arranged side-b y-side in a row therein; a plurality of feed channels located in the base of said heating wall and extending longitudinally beneath the series of flues therein and all communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for conveying unpreheated combustible gases having different heats of combustion electively to the said flues at substantially the same velocity; each of the channels being of substantially the same size and shape and being limited to the cross-sectional area required for the delivery of the uantity of unpreheated richer gas per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating effect but jointly having the cross-sectional area required for the delivery of the proportionate quantity of unpreheated leaner gas per unit of time at the same velocity to obtain the same heating efl'ect; each of said channels being provided with passageWays of the same slze and shape as those passageways for the other of said channels and limited to the size required for feeding therefrom to the respective flues the proporcal combustion flues arranged side-by-sidein a row therein; a plurality of feed channels located in the heating wall structure and v forming a part thereof and extending longitudinally of the series of flues therein and through the vertical planes of the flues thereof and each communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for separately conveying two '-combustible gases having different heats of combustion electively to the said flues at substantially the same velocity; each of the feed channels being of substantially the same size and shape and being of the cross-sectional area proportionate to convey all of the gas to be employed in the largest volume per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating effect in the vertical flues; passageways cooperating with one of said channels and proportioned for feeding therefrom to the respective .flues the proportionate quantity of the gas employed in larger volume, and other passageways cooperating with the other of said channels and limited to the size required for feeding from the channel to'the res ective flues the proportionate quantity the other gas employed in smaller volume.

o bustion flues arranged side-by side in a row therein; a plurality of feed channels located in the heating wall structure and forming a part thereof and extending longitudinally of-the series of flues therein and through the vertical planes of the flues thereof and all g communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for conveying combustible gases having different heats of combustion electively to the said flues at substantially the same velocity; each of the feed channels being of substantially the same size and shape and being of the cross-sectional area proportionate to convey all of the gas, of one of said gases, per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating efi'ect thereby in said vertical flues; passageways cooperating with the respective channels to limit the volume of flow from the respective channels to the flues; and regenerators communicating with said flues independently of said channels. L 6. In a coking retort oven, in combination: coking chambers alternating with flued heating walls therefor; one of said heating walls being provided with a series of vertical flues arranged side-by-side in a row therein; a plurality of feed channels located in the heating wall structure and forming a part thereof and extending longitudinally of the series of flues therein and through the vertical planes of the flues there of and all communicably connected with each of the flues of a plurality thereof in said series thereof for conveying unpreheatedcombustible gases having difierent heats of combustion electively to the said flues at s1ib-' stantially the same velocity; each of thechannels being of substantially the same size and shape and being limited to the crosssectional area required for the delivery of the quantity of unpreheated richer gas per unit of time at a definite velocity to obtain a definite heating effect but jointly having the cross-sectional area required for the delivery of the proportionate quantity of unpreheated leaner gas per unitof time at the same velocity to obtain the same heating effect; each of said channels being provided with passageways of the same size and shape as those passageways for the other of said channels and limited to the size required for feeding therefrom to the respective said flues the proportionate quantity of the richer of said gases; and means for electively feeding the richer of said gases through one of said channels and the leaner of said gases through a plurality of the said channels simultaneously.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set In hand.

y JOSEPH BECKER. 

